Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is an estimate of the total number of calories you burn in a day. This includes all the energy your body uses daily, from keeping your heart beating to processing food.
TDEE is made up of three main components: basal metabolic rate (BMR), activity level, and thermic effect of food (TEF).
1. Basal metabolic rate (BMR): BMR is
the amount of energy your body needs at rest to maintain vital functions like breathing and blood circulation. It’s based on factors, such as:
BMR accounts for
approximately 60%–75% of your TDEE.
*Note: While often used interchangeably with resting energy expenditure (REE), BMR is a more accurate measurement of metabolism, primarily determined by your fat-free mass (e.g. muscle, bone).
2. Activity level: Activity level refers to all the energy you burn through movement, whether that’s structured exercise or daily activities (e.g. walking the dog). The more active you are, the higher your TDEE will likely be.
Your activity level can be divided into
two components:
NEAT can account for 15%–30%+ of TDEE and, like EAT, can vary widely based on lifestyle and occupation.
3. Thermic effect of food (TEF): TEF describes the number of calories burned during digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food. It accounts for about
8%--15% of TDEE, depending on the specific macronutrients consumed.